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音頻科普：發(fā)出破壞性聲音的魚
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音頻科普：發(fā)出破壞性聲音的魚
?The Gulf corvina produces a chattering chorus that’s one of the loudest underwater animal sounds on the planet. Christopher Intagliata reports.海灣石首魚（Gulf corvina）所發(fā)出的嘈雜合唱（叫聲）是這個星球上最響亮的水下動物聲音之一?？死锼雇懈?/span>·因塔利亞塔報道。
撰文\播音：克里斯托弗·因塔利亞塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻譯：邱燕寧
審校：郭曉
They're among the most amazing events of the wild world:
Africa's thundering?herds of wildebeest. <<BBC: "...and nothing will stop them now.">>
這是野生動物世界最令人驚奇的事件之一:
非洲的大批角馬群。<<英國廣播公司（BBC）:“……現(xiàn)在什么也阻止不了它們。>>
The incredible?migrating monarch butterflies. <<National Geographic: "One of the great spectacles of nature.">>
令人難以置信的帝王蝶遷徙。<<國家地理:“大自然的一大奇觀”>>?
The captivating chorus <<corvina sound>> of the Gulf corvina. Wait, haven't heard of that last one?
海灣石首魚迷人的合唱<<石首魚的聲音>>。等等，沒聽說過最后一個嗎?
"It's a true wildlife spectacle. A fish this loud, this many fish calling."
“這是一個真正的野生動物奇觀。魚可以發(fā)出如此巨大的聲音，這是很多魚的叫聲。”
Brad Erisman is a fisheries ecologist at the University of Texas, Austin. And to hear him tell it, the chatter of the corvina fish belongs right up there with those other great spectacles.
德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的漁業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)家Brad Erisman如是說。據(jù)他說，海灣石首魚的叫聲可以和其它那些奇觀匹敵。
Every spring, he says, the fish migrate hundreds of miles to the northernmost reaches of the Sea of Cortez,?the body of water between Baja, California?and mainland Mexico. And there, at the Colorado River Delta, "it has this massive synchronous spawning with outgoing tides for two to three days, every other week, for three?months."
他說，每年春天，這些魚都會遷徙到數(shù)百英里外的科爾特斯海的最北端，這片水域位于巴哈、加利福尼亞和墨西哥大陸之間。而在科羅拉多河三角洲，“它們在三個月的時間里，每隔一周都會有兩到三天隨著退潮進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的產(chǎn)卵。”
And during that time, it also makes this?noise?<<corvina sound>>, produced by flexing muscles around the swim bladder. "And it allows the swim bladder to reverberate. Much like any sort of drum, any sort of gas-filled chamber."
在這期間，這種魚也通過收縮魚鰾周圍的肌肉制造這種噪音<<石首魚的聲音>>。“它利用魚鰾來發(fā)出回響，像是任何一種鼓或者其他空心腔的發(fā)聲原理。“
That simultaneous drumming of hundreds of thousands?or even millions of fish?is extremely loud. "It's louder than if you were a meter away from the stage at a rock concert." In fact, Erisman and his colleague Timothy Rowell?have found that corvina chatter rivals the decibel levels produced by whales—loud enough, even, to damage the hearing of dolphins—making it among the loudest underwater animal sounds on the planet.
成千上萬甚至上百萬條魚同時發(fā)出的聲音非常響亮。“這比在搖滾音樂會離舞臺一米遠(yuǎn)的地方聽到的聲音更大。”事實(shí)上，Erisman和他的同事Timothy Rowell已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，石首魚的聲音足以與鯨魚的分貝水平相匹敵，甚至可以破壞海豚的聽覺，使之成為地球上最響亮的水下動物聲音之一。
The aquatic cacophony is written up in the journal?Biology Letters. [Brad E. Erisman and Timothy J. Rowell,?A sound worth saving: acoustic characteristics of a massive fish spawning aggregation]
關(guān)于這種水中刺耳聲音的研究發(fā)表在《生物學(xué)快報》（Biology Letters）上。
But the sound is under attack—by our teeth. "Fried, baked, put it in tacos.?Pretty much any way you can think of, you can make corvina." Which spells danger for the singing fish. "It's heavily exploited, it's overfished, and we're really concerned about the fishery collapsing."
但是這種聲音正在受到我們牙齒的攻擊和威脅。“油炸，烤，放進(jìn)玉米卷。你幾乎可以用任何一種你能想到的方式來烹飪石首魚。”這對這種唱歌的魚來說是危險的。“這種魚類資源被大量開發(fā)，過度捕撈，我們真的很擔(dān)心這會導(dǎo)致漁業(yè)崩潰。”
But by spreading the word about the corvina's signature sound, Erisman hopes to keep the species—and its song—from going silent.
但通過宣傳石首魚的標(biāo)志性聲音，Erisman希望保護(hù)這特殊的物種，和它的歌聲——避免其走向沉默。
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?The Gulf corvina produces a chattering chorus that’s one of the loudest underwater animal sounds on the planet. Christopher Intagliata reports.海灣石首魚（Gulf corvina）所發(fā)出的嘈雜合唱（叫聲）是這個星球上最響亮的水下動物聲音之一?？死锼雇懈?/span>·因塔利亞塔報道。
撰文\播音：克里斯托弗·因塔利亞塔（Christopher Intagliata）
翻譯：邱燕寧
審校：郭曉
They're among the most amazing events of the wild world:
Africa's thundering?herds of wildebeest. <<BBC: "...and nothing will stop them now.">>
這是野生動物世界最令人驚奇的事件之一:
非洲的大批角馬群。<<英國廣播公司（BBC）:“……現(xiàn)在什么也阻止不了它們。>>
The incredible?migrating monarch butterflies. <<National Geographic: "One of the great spectacles of nature.">>
令人難以置信的帝王蝶遷徙。<<國家地理:“大自然的一大奇觀”>>?
The captivating chorus <<corvina sound>> of the Gulf corvina. Wait, haven't heard of that last one?
海灣石首魚迷人的合唱<<石首魚的聲音>>。等等，沒聽說過最后一個嗎?
"It's a true wildlife spectacle. A fish this loud, this many fish calling."
“這是一個真正的野生動物奇觀。魚可以發(fā)出如此巨大的聲音，這是很多魚的叫聲。”
Brad Erisman is a fisheries ecologist at the University of Texas, Austin. And to hear him tell it, the chatter of the corvina fish belongs right up there with those other great spectacles.
德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的漁業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)家Brad Erisman如是說。據(jù)他說，海灣石首魚的叫聲可以和其它那些奇觀匹敵。
Every spring, he says, the fish migrate hundreds of miles to the northernmost reaches of the Sea of Cortez,?the body of water between Baja, California?and mainland Mexico. And there, at the Colorado River Delta, "it has this massive synchronous spawning with outgoing tides for two to three days, every other week, for three?months."
他說，每年春天，這些魚都會遷徙到數(shù)百英里外的科爾特斯海的最北端，這片水域位于巴哈、加利福尼亞和墨西哥大陸之間。而在科羅拉多河三角洲，“它們在三個月的時間里，每隔一周都會有兩到三天隨著退潮進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的產(chǎn)卵。”
And during that time, it also makes this?noise?<<corvina sound>>, produced by flexing muscles around the swim bladder. "And it allows the swim bladder to reverberate. Much like any sort of drum, any sort of gas-filled chamber."
在這期間，這種魚也通過收縮魚鰾周圍的肌肉制造這種噪音<<石首魚的聲音>>。“它利用魚鰾來發(fā)出回響，像是任何一種鼓或者其他空心腔的發(fā)聲原理。“
That simultaneous drumming of hundreds of thousands?or even millions of fish?is extremely loud. "It's louder than if you were a meter away from the stage at a rock concert." In fact, Erisman and his colleague Timothy Rowell?have found that corvina chatter rivals the decibel levels produced by whales—loud enough, even, to damage the hearing of dolphins—making it among the loudest underwater animal sounds on the planet.
成千上萬甚至上百萬條魚同時發(fā)出的聲音非常響亮。“這比在搖滾音樂會離舞臺一米遠(yuǎn)的地方聽到的聲音更大。”事實(shí)上，Erisman和他的同事Timothy Rowell已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，石首魚的聲音足以與鯨魚的分貝水平相匹敵，甚至可以破壞海豚的聽覺，使之成為地球上最響亮的水下動物聲音之一。
The aquatic cacophony is written up in the journal?Biology Letters. [Brad E. Erisman and Timothy J. Rowell,?A sound worth saving: acoustic characteristics of a massive fish spawning aggregation]
關(guān)于這種水中刺耳聲音的研究發(fā)表在《生物學(xué)快報》（Biology Letters）上。
But the sound is under attack—by our teeth. "Fried, baked, put it in tacos.?Pretty much any way you can think of, you can make corvina." Which spells danger for the singing fish. "It's heavily exploited, it's overfished, and we're really concerned about the fishery collapsing."
但是這種聲音正在受到我們牙齒的攻擊和威脅。“油炸，烤，放進(jìn)玉米卷。你幾乎可以用任何一種你能想到的方式來烹飪石首魚。”這對這種唱歌的魚來說是危險的。“這種魚類資源被大量開發(fā)，過度捕撈，我們真的很擔(dān)心這會導(dǎo)致漁業(yè)崩潰。”
But by spreading the word about the corvina's signature sound, Erisman hopes to keep the species—and its song—from going silent.
但通過宣傳石首魚的標(biāo)志性聲音，Erisman希望保護(hù)這特殊的物種，和它的歌聲——避免其走向沉默。
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